Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is indicated for which of the following conditions?

• A. Urgency, Frequency, Urge incontinence, Fecal incontinence, Non-obstructive urinary retention
• B. Acute urinary retention only
• C. Stress incontinence only
• D. Hematuria

Answer: (A)

Sacral neuromodulation works by stimulating the sacral nerves to recalibrate the reflexes that control bladder and bowel function. This makes it effective for symptoms that persist despite standard treatments: urgency, frequency, and urge incontinence from overactive bladder, as well as fecal incontinence, and non-obstructive urinary retention. The therapy modulates the neural signals entering the spinal cord, helping the bladder store urine more normally and improving continence mechanisms in the bowel.

So these conditions fit SNM because they involve disordered neural control of storage and elimination functions and are typically considered after other therapies have failed. In contrast, acute urinary retention requires urgent, short-term management and is not a chronic neuromodulation target; stress incontinence is usually addressed with pelvic floor therapies or slings; and hematuria signals an underlying pathology unrelated to neuromodulation.