SNM therapy targets which nerves to influence bladder function?

• A. Vagus nerves
• B. Sciatic nerves
• C. Sacral nerves
• D. Phrenic nerves

Answer: (C)

Sacral nerves are the target because sacral neuromodulation delivers electrical stimulation to the sacral nerve roots, usually at S3, to modulate the neural pathways that control the bladder. By adjusting the signaling between the bladder and the spinal cord/brain, SNM reduces unwanted detrusor activity and helps regulate the micturition reflex, improving continence or retention as needed. The other nerves listed don’t govern the bladder’s reflexes: the vagus nerve supplies parasympathetic input to many organs but is not the primary conduit for bladder control targeted by SNM; the phrenic nerve controls the diaphragm for breathing; the sciatic nerve mainly serves the leg. Therefore, the sacral nerves are the correct target.